reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. American Federalism - 56 American Federalism 2 Listen to Chapter 2 on Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. 7 Functions of Nigerian Federalism - Information Guide in Nigeria Moreover, a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. You are welcome dear reader. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. >> Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. /F6 21 0 R The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . %PDF-1.5 Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. I love this article,very educating and interesting Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. by the federal or any state government. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. /Font << endobj To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. . Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. 1. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. 74 . ff>qsfN? The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. What are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. ! The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. s" As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . 2023, Bscholarly LLC. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. 3. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. All rights reserved. << There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. The states were later increased to 30 states. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS - Academia.edu Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. /F3 12 0 R To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. 3. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. What is federalism? Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Asst. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. /Parent 2 0 R The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. /F2 9 0 R Your email address will not be published. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria.

Ati Real Life Schizophrenia Sbar, Are Nerds Watermelon And Cherry Halal, Fly Dance Competition Award Levels, Hmas Creswell Officer Training, Articles R