similarities between pashtuns and hazaras

The Hazaras were though of as servants or less than most during this time in Afghanistan. Hazaras women produce handmade coats, overcoats, sweaters, jackets, shoes, hats, gloves, and scarves. The Hazaras are said to be descendants of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol empire, and the Mongol soldiers who swept through the region in the 13th century. Women wear bright colours and of lighter weights. Hassan, who Amir is acquainted with since birth, is a fiercely loyal Hazara. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Human Rights Watch estimated that at least 2,000 people of different ethnic communities, including Hazaras, were killed and according to estimates by Hazara groups, the death toll may be as high as15,000. Even though Amir and Hassan have grown up together in the novel, there is a noticeable difference between them. In Kabul, the people have accepted the social classes and are not afraid to be violent with the Hazaras to get what they want. They both have many differences, whether it is the major language they speak or the traditions they follow. Growing up in war torn Afghanistan during the invasion of the Soviets and the awakening rise of the Taliban destined the people of Afghanistan to never truly understand normalcy. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. This is why the Taliban first attacked Shujae and then extended their fighting into Malistan and Jaghori districts in [neighboring Ghazni Province], he said. The Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many Mongolian and Turkic words. Highlighting the power relations between the Hazaras and the Pashtuns who benefited from the extension of state authority into Hazara areas, Canfield (1972, p.6) described the process as the 'effective subjugation of one ethnic group by another, and of one religious sect by another - a situation, which I suggest, progressively appears more . This has resulted in their systemic lack of political power and influence in a Sunni Muslim . The most common clothing is called perahan-u-tunban, which is similar to pajamas. A Taliban report at the time said the IS militants were killed because they were attempting to foment an ethnic war by targeting Hazaras. Amir however, tries to learn more about the Hazaras by bringing his mothers book to school. Just another site who dismissed justice sajjad ali shah; jackson high school soccer; do military jets leave contrails Hes my servant! It is a very interesting approach to depicting the culture in Afghanistan. Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, explores the difficulties of Amirs friendships and relationships of himself to be committed to others while struggling with loyalty by using contextual Afghan traditional culture and history to influence the textual meaning of the storyline. The Pashtuns danced on [the] street, (Hosseini 200) while the Hazaras cried God help the Hazaras now (Hosseini 213). It is also not surprising that, despite the insistence by the Taliban that it can provide security and peace in Afghanistan, ISKP has continued its deadly attacks against the Hazaras. Handayani, Fadlilah S. "Racial Discrimination Towards the Hazaras as Reflected in Khaled Hosseini's the Kite Runner." While five were set free, the fate of the other 20 remains unknown, according to the UN. Whether they had a positive or negative effect, both changed his values and beliefs. Mutmaeen says the episode generated some goodwill between the Taliban and the Hazaras. In August, Amnesty International reported that at least nine Hazara men were massacred by the Taliban when its fighters took over Ghazni province in July. Their forceful and brutal integration into the nascent Afghan state by Abd al-Ramn Khns predominantly Pashtun armies sowed the seeds of lasting enmity between the Shii Hazara and the Sunni Pashtuns on both religious and ethnic grounds. The dreadful social division between the two groups led to the Pashtuns gaining higher social rankings than the Hazaras and were able to receive. According to the representative survey, 43% of the population identifies as Pashtun, 27% as Tajik, 15% as Hazara, 8% as Uzbek, 2% as . Lantern, vol. In the novel, Amir is the story teller and a Pashtun, while his best friend Hassan is the son of a servant and a Hazara. Hazaras speak a dialect of Dari (Farsi dialect) called Hazaragi and the vast majority follow the Shia sect (Twelver Imami) of Islam. If there was a Hazara residing in Kabul, the rumour was that he was either a beggar, servant or even both. The disparity between social classes is evident in The Kite Runner between Amir and Hassan. After the Pashtun-centric, ultra-conservative Sunni Taliban group took over Kabul in 1996, atrocities against the Hazaras did not stop. What kind of religion are the Hazaras of Afghanistan? It is estimated that Hazarajat lost some 60 percent of its population to ethnic cleansing, which has led some scholars to term the carnage a genocide. Pashtunwali is regarded to exist for almost 2000 years but it has undergone some changes. incomprehensible extent. This man, he said, was the main contact between Hazaras and the insurgents in Jaghori. The most recent figures on the ethnic affiliations come from a survey conducted by the Asia Foundation in 2014. Hazaras are looked down upon due to their differences in appearance and beliefs. In the past, Shujaee, a former commander in the U.S.-funded Afghan Local Police, was accused of grave rights violations and faced arrest orders from the central government for the atrocities he committed. Sociological approach and theories on racism and racial discrimination are used in this study. In 2015, Taliban militants killed dissident Taliban commander Mansoor Dadullah. With a long history of persecution, the Hazaras fear the worst under Taliban rule. Therefore, discrimination and slander towards Hazaras in the novel gives a strong sense of unequalness among the two ethnicities, Pashtuns and Hazaras, and is not considered virtuous among societies today. In 2013, German restorers from a UNESCO advisory body built pillars with feet-like bases on the site, reigniting the debate. Intense shelling, arbitrary killings of civilians and targeting of Hazara men resulted inhundreds killedand forcibly disappeared. The first truly inhumane action Amir decides to make occurs in the alley where Hassan is raped. However, sometimes when sliced open, white rings can appear in the flesh, a disorder known as "internal white tissue." June 22, 2022 . If we are united no one would dare to break us. In the late 19th century, Pashtun ruler Abdur Rahman Khan sought to bring the Hazara people in their homeland of Hazarajat under his rule. "They [IS] were attempting to pave the way for an ethnic war between Afghan ethnic groups, which prompted the Taliban to intervene." This idea explains the main injustice that Hosseini presents the reader, conflicts between the religion of the Hazaras and Pashtuns. The Hazaras had darker skin, flattened noses, and slanted eyes. The Taliban gave Gulsom two days to leave her home with her husband and their three young daughters. bear acl repair 2020; jewelry exchange new york city; transformers fanfiction sam sparkmate The etymology of the word "Hazara" remains disputed, but some have differing opinions on the term. They are known for strong tribal organization. Are Pathans tall? Majority are Shia,mostly of theTwelversect, whilesomeareIsmaili and Sunni. They largely avoided interfering in each others affairs during all these years.. Together we can be strong, free and happy. While in power, Khan used the government to force all the people into the Kazarasjat Mountains. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2023 RFE/RL, Inc. All Rights Reserved. These funds can be used in negotiations with the Taliban. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. They are Islam and mostly speak Dari as well as Pashtu, Turkic, and Baluchi. In Afghanistan, the Hazaras have been racially oppressed since the time that they arrived. Until the 1970s, a large percentage of the Hazara populationcould notaccess higher education, enrol in the army or secure higher-level government jobs. Lets get united and defend our land and love ones from our enemies. Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, comprising nearly half of the countrys estimated 30 million people, while Hazaras make up some 10 percent of the population and have been persecuted historically. After 2001, the Hazaras also continued to suffertargeted violenceat the hands of the Taliban and other armed groups. The Taliban regime is accused of harshly persecuting the beleaguered minority during its stint in power in the 1990s. A significant number are also followers of the Ismaili sect while a small number are Sunni Muslim. Hazaras and Pushtons are two different ethnic groups of Afghanistan. Updates? Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Over a century we have been divided by our enemies (divide and role) and look where we are? To make matters confusing, though, Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims and Hazaras are Shi'a Muslims. In 2001, then Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar declared them un-Islamic and had them destroyed ,reducing the once-largest standing Buddhas and 1,500 years of history to rubble. Amir and Baba were Pashtun, Discover Tomato Varieties: While Galactic Magic Seeds is No Longer Available, There's Still Plenty of Variety for Your Garden, Galactic Magic Seeds was a website that offered tomato seeds from various breeders, including Rebel Starfighter Prime. You put a Pashtun next to a sindhi or us next to a tamil. The Hazara people are commonly believed to have ties to the Mongolian empire, due to genetic and physical similarities as well as strong lexical . They are Shia, mostly of theTwelversect, whilesomeareIsmaili and Sunni. The authors deliberate incorporation of Afghan and American settings over a 3-decade time frame successfully illustrates the differences and similarities between Eastern culture and Western culture, as well as highlighting the harm each culture cultivates. Until recent decades, few attended university or held government positions. Millions of people around the world are discriminated against, but Hazaras and Shias especially know the struggle of this, constantly being put at the bottom of the social class and knowing unfair treatment all too well. Hazaras live in the central mountains of Afghanistan. Additionally, Hassan would have never been raped by Assef, because Assef would have never had the idea to be racist towards Hassan. "They [IS] were attempting to pave the way for an ethnic war between Afghan ethnic groups, which prompted the Taliban to intervene.". They live in fortified villages of flat-roofed houses of stone or mud built wall-to-wall around a central courtyard, overlooking the narrow valleys in which they cultivate rotating crops of barley, wheat, and legumes as well as various fruits and cucumbers. Khaled Hosseinis first novel, The Kite Runner, comments on the social conditions of Afghanistan through telling a story about the lives of two Muslim boys; a privileged Sunni Pashtun, Amir, and his long-time friend and servant, Hassan, a loyal but disadvantaged Shia Hazara. Hazaras make up 20% of the Afghanistan population. Hazara Afghans are among the millions of refugees fleeing to Europe in search of a better future. Shujae had gone into the areas the Taliban had banned him from traveling to. Though, one can easily identify their ethnic group by their looks and appearance they possess. In the novel, Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, the protagonist, Amir, is torn between two truths as he lived associated with different kinds of religious groups in Afghan society: Pashtuns and Hazaras. To support their claims, the Taliban have recruited disgruntled ethnic Tajiks and Uzbeks. Particularly in 1888 - 1893, Pashtuns carried out ethnic cleansing of the Hazaras, killed more than half of their population, and enslaved thousands of them. The main differences between the Pashtun's and the Hazara's is the Pashtun's are Sunni Muslim while Hazzara's are Shiite Muslims. Similar to the difference between Americans and Afghans:) Dari, Hazara and Pashtun speaking Afghans are closer to the Westerners than Turks in terms of linguistic kinhip/relativity, they speak variants of Indo-Europeas language family. In the aftermath of the withdrawal of international troops from Afghanistan, violence against the Hazara population has escalated. For centuries, the stone sentinels stood watch over the Silk Road. Hazaras are considered as Persian speaking people and they mainly inhabit central Afghanistan. Since then the Hazara have faced significant marginalization, persecution, and displacement, perhaps most zealously by the Taliban in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. He was sheltering Uzbek militants loyal to the Islamic State (IS). The emphasis placed upon the discrimination of Hazaras by the Pashtuns not only informs the readers of the socio-economic relations in Afghanistan but also addresses a parallelism of harm towards Afghanis from Americans. He skimmed through a couple of pages, snickered, handed the book back. Loyalty and Betrayal in "The Kite Runner". Company Information; FAQ; Stone Materials. Amirs closest friend is Hassan, the son of his familys beloved servant. Dont give wrong information. Indeed, the main stakes and conflicts arise among the heirs of the same man, especially among sedentary farmers. Social status allows the powerful to gain more power, while pushing the struggling deeper into a hole. By creating tense situations that originate, whether consciously or subconsciously within the characters, the author uses these conflicts to illustrate the impacts that stem from the masculine stereotypes associated with Afghan culture, the dire need for a fathers approval, and the ongoing effects of a childs jealousy. The Hazaras are discriminated against and looked down upon. The tragedy brought thousands on to the streets of Kabul to protest against the increasing violence towards Hazaras. Assef bullies Hassan to show him his place as a minority in Afghanistan. This fact is critical to understanding Hazaragi's history and more importantly its future. What's the difference between a Pashtun and an Afghan? He waged a brutal war against the community, which resulted in bloody massacres, looting and pillaging of homes, enslavement and the transfer of Hazara land to Pashtun tribes. Despite their growing political clout, many Hazaras continue to feel discriminated against. The international community has alegal, moral and political obligationto protect the Hazara people. The Hazaras are also seen as the weakest and poorest race in Afghanistan, so that they are easily subjected to be killed, insulted, and tortured by Pashtuns. Thats one thing Shia people do well, he said, picking up the papers, passing themselves as martyrs. He wrinkled his nose when he said the word Shia, like it was some kind of disease (Hosseini 9-10). For people living here, it is clear there was an understanding between Hazaras and the Taliban for the past 17 years, he told Radio Free Afghanistan. Because of the contrasting history of the two groups, their responses to the Taliban's takeover of Kabul were complete opposites. Difference between Hazara and Pashtun. Ajvarski, Donkey's Ear, Gatherer's Gold, Jimmy Nardello, Lipstick, Melrose, Gypsy F1 hybrid, Mareko Fana, Stocky Red Roaster, Red Wonder, Little Bells and Sirenevyi are all discussed here. long live Afghanistan. Thats not right, the large group that lives in afghanistan (kabul) they are soennie muslims. In his 2003 novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini exposes and discusses the ethnic and religious discrimination found in past and present day Afghanistan. The Pashtuns are of the Sunni religion whereas the Hazaras are the Shia, however both groups are considered Muslims; this is similar to Protestants and Catholics within Christianity. The social hierarchy that declares the Hazara people below Amir, shows how the long history of discrimination is hard to overcome. Unfortunately, the Taliban continued to harass and murder the Hazara people while they were in power. The Pashtun dancers But Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kyrghyz etc. class="publication-detail-container cs-orange" In The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini shows that an individual's social status affects their future through the way Hazaras are treated in Afghanistan. Sadly, Afghanistan is a place people are familiar with for the wrong reasons, however The Kite Runner shows a different side of the country that you will regret not reading. You say that the hazaras are shia muslims. The Taliban killed and targeted many of the Hazara people during their reign in Afghanistan. Hazaras are also considered to be Turko-Mongol as they look like Mongolians and East Asians whereas they share a cultural background with the Turkic people of Central Asia. Due to the persecution of the Hazara people in Afghanistan and Pakistan, in 2012 he sought asylum by boat in Australia. Hello Zendabode! Therefore, it is unlikely that it would take any significant steps to protect the Shia of Afghanistan. Khaled Hosseini's novel entitled The Kite Runner is an American bestseller novel that represents racial conflict between the Pashtuns and Hazaras, two different races and ethnics in Afghanistan. The differences between the Pashtun and Hazara people created a major conflict with lasting effects on the way in which they live. Key Difference: Hazaras are members of an Afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the Pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan. Poverty in the region and ongoing conflict since the Afghan War (197892) have dispersed many of the Hazara throughout Afghanistan. Had I really though that? Everywhere I turned I saw signs of his loyalty, his goddamn unwavering loyalty. the absence of conjunction emphasises his thorough regrets that act as a barrier preventing him from, In Afghanistan, there is a divide between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras; the Pashtuns are upper class citizens who are treated with respect while the Hazaras are lower class, minority citizens who are treated poorly. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In March, Hazaras held a protest in Kabul against the governments decision to move a proposed power line project out of Bamiyan, arguing that the decision was yet another form of ethnic discrimination. In 1993, President Burhanuddin Rabbani, worried by the positions that Hazara armed groups had taken in Kabuls Shia-majority areas, decided to launch an offensive against them. A Hazara is one of two Ethnic groups in Afghanistan. Here we discuss some of the most popular early sweet pepper varieties, their characteristics, and how they fare in different climates. Amin says that as a mark of the Talibans anger, the insurgents first burned the house of a local commander he identified as Bashi. The majority of Afghanistans population practice Sunni Islam, this may have contributed to the discrimination against them. Hazara, also spelled azra, ethnolinguistic group originally from the mountainous region of central Afghanistan, known as Hazrajt. Chinese Granite; Imported Granite; Chinese Marble; Imported Marble; China Slate & Sandstone; Quartz stone The Kuchi-Hazara Conflict, Again. Amirs self image at the beginning of the novel is one in which he views himself as a coward, worthless and selfish. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras. The overwhelming majority ofPashtunsfollowSunniIslam. Corrections? Paul Kane High School - English 30-1 - Kite Runner, Pashtun and Hazara are two words that are use a fair amount in the novel. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. But Hazara lawmaker Arif Rahmani, a representative of Ghazni in the Afghan Parliament, rejected the claim that his community had ever concluded a deal with the Taliban. Pashtun as the majority race and ethnic in Afghanistan is Sunni Moslem while Hazara is Shia. The insurgents have also taken visible steps to ease Hazara fears that the hard-line Islamist movement has an anti-Shiite agenda. Hazara. The Hazaras are also seen as the weakest and poorest race in Afghanistan, so that they are easily subjected to be killed, insulted, and tortured by Pashtuns. That is why people, like Assef, thought that they could treat . Women wear baggy black or coloured trousers, a long shirt and a length to cotton to cover the head. Their Asiatic features and language a dialect of Persian set them apart from other Afghans, including the predominant ethnic Pashtun. They primarily worship a single god named as Allah. When the post-Taliban governance of Afghanistan was being set up at the Bonn Conference of 2001, Hazaras were estimated to make up 19 percent of the countrys population. feeding westchester mobile food truck schedule. Whats the difference between a Pashtun and an Afghan? Hundreds have died in the attacks, which have targeted Hazara protests, Shiite mosques, and shrines. "The repeated kidnapping of Hazara women prompted them [the Hazaras] to kidnap 14 Pashtun women and children from Gazey village in the Khak-e Afghan district [of Zabul Province]," the report said. These two groups have been in conflict for many years. Hazaras were sold as slaves as late as the 19th century. Copyright 2023, Difference Between | Descriptive Analysis and Comparisons. Many decades ago there was a leader named Abdur Rahman Khan, who despised the Hazara people and favored the Pashtun people. When Amir showed the history book on the Hazaras to his teacher, he reacted with disgust, The following week, after class, I showed the book to my teacher and pointed to the chapter on the Hazaras. Amir lives in Kabul, Afghanistan. Traditional male dress is qmis, a loose lengthy fitting shirt and salwar. Then earlier this month, the organisation released evidence of another massacre in which 13 Hazaras, including a 17-year-old girl, were killed in late August in Daykundi province. They dirty our blood. The inclusive language at the beginning of the quote is aimed at the Pashtuns whereas the negative connotations of pollute and dirty emphasise the subservient position of the Hazaras in the Afghani society and thus losing their sense of placement within society. Those living in rural areas were denied public services. June 3, 2022 . He is the author of The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key To The Future Of Pakistan And Afghanistan. >, Racial Discrimination Towards the Hazaras as Reflected in Khaled Hosseini's the Kite Runner, RIS (Mendeley, Zotero, EndNote, RefWorks), The Consummate Love of Hazel Grace as Reflected in the Fault in Our Stars Movie, Konflik Psikologis Sara Crewe Dalam Novel a Little Princess Karya Frances Hodgson Burnett, Person Deixis in Sby's Speech at Harvard University. Hosseini breaks down post 9/11 stereotypes by showing that a person's socio-economic class or ethnic group does not determine their ability to form friendships, feel guilt and seek redemption. Living primarily in the rugged highlands in the countrys centre, the Hazaras are one of Afghanistans largest ethnic minorities, accounting for up to 20 percent of Afghanistans 30 million inhabitants. The risk of ethnic cleansing and evengenocidethat they face should be a matter of international concern and international human rights bodies need to take action. And its fighters made good on such threats. Manywere forcedtoconceal their identities to obtain state identification. Each identity played a unique part in Amirs life. The Kite Runner emphasizes the divide among the Muslim community that many people might not have seen before reading this book. Thenewly appointedUnited Nations special rapporteur on Afghanistan must immediately investigate the systematic attacks and forced displacement of Hazaras to ensure those responsible are identified and held to account. Some beliefs include the evil eye, ghosts, and several other superstitions about animals and nighttime. Throughout the book Amit gradually begins to treat Hassan more like a Hazara is treated by the majority of the population. The conflict between the Hazara and the Pashtun people is the whole reason this book is even a book! To begin with, Afghan may refer to various ethnicity of people like Pashtuns, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kyrghyz, etc. The Pashtun are the dominant group in Afghanistan, comprising around 42% of the population. If there was no fight between the Hazara and Pashtun people, then Baba would have been . Hazaras mostly follow Shia version of Islam. Nazar Muhammad Mutmaeen, a Kabul-based former Taliban official, says both the Taliban and Hazara community -- which is spread over several provinces in central Afghanistan -- largely respected an understanding that required them to keep out of each others affairs. The Hazaras form a minority group of Afghanistan, and thus are persecuted by the majority groups. With so many varieties available, it can be hard to decide which one is best for your climate and taste preferences. Hazara people are minorities in Afghanistan, as they are Persian speaking, and they usually live in the center of the country. Amir is a Pashtun, with a higher status and his servant , Hassan, is a Hazara. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras; kaiserredux american civil war. Their official languages Pashto and Dari belong to Indo-Iranian (Indo-European) family. (LogOut/ Before the Taliban took over Kabul, Assef tormented Hassan and Amir because Hassan was a Hazara and Amir Associated himself with Hassan. The result of this study shows that racial discrimination in The Kite Runner is caused by social structural factors and social psychological factors. The Hazaras have been persecuted by Pashtun leaders, civil warlords, the Taliban, ISIS and others due to their Shi'a Muslim beliefs. Pashtu, written in the Perso-Arabic script. Hassan's social position is solely based on his being a Hazara. What is the difference between Hazara and Pashtun in The Kite Runner? Hazara activists say the government does not protect the interests of the Hazaras. However, the vast majority of Hazara follow the Shi'a sect (twelver Imami). Many are even foreigners and not Afghan.. Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. They are racially and socially inferior. Answer (1 of 6): Similar, to an extent Persian and Pashto are two languages that are similar to each other in a number of ways, however, the plurality of the word I used (languages) shows that they are not mutually intelligible. In late September and early October, reports in Western media emerged of mass evictions of Hazara people from their ancestral homes and lands in Daykundi province. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The main protagonist of the book Kite Runner, Amir, experiences the detachment from understanding why he feels like a tourist in his own country. Amir is exposed to unkindness toward Hazaras throughout his childhood. Amir becomes very jealous of him and then becomes a coward. Ethnic conflicts materializes between the two boys . This discrimination affects every age group in Afghanistan, and affects each of those individuals, mental and physical health (Pascoe). The tw. It must honour thecommitmentofnever again in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Hazaras and Pushtons are two different ethnic groups of Afghanistan. Abductions, extortions and violent killings by groups operating under the banner of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as ISIS) continue to take place. They were deemed a UNESCO World Heritage site and became an important source of tourism revenue for the region. This article has been written to provide a generalised information on these ethnic groups. Abubakar Siddique, a journalist for RFE/RL's Radio Azadi, specializes in the coverage of Afghanistan and Pakistan. 6 What kind of religion are the Hazaras of Afghanistan? This connection manifests in the relationship between Amir and Hassan, though Amir is true to Hassan in private, he feels the need to relate to Hassan according to the prevailing social hierarchy in public. Where does the majority of the Hazara population live? Comparatively, The kite runner, explores the disparity created by differences in cultural backgrounds. Key Difference: Hazaras are members of an Afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the Pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan. To secure guarantees of Hazara rights and protection, it can leverage the aid the Taliban has requested. As every year around this time, violent clashes have erupted between local Hazaras and incoming Pashtun Kuchis in the pastures of Eastern Hazajarat. Lastly, Hazaras are mainly Shi'a Muslims. Afghanistan is the land of the Pashtunsnot the flat-nosed Hazaras, these people pollute our homeland. Whats the difference between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras? Etymology. They are considered to be from herders community. Although discrimination in the country continued, the community was able to participate in public life much more freely. It seems like everywhere, Amir, the protagonist, looks society seems into two parts. Hosseini uses symbols, antithesis, and visual imagery to convey the unequal treatment of people in Afghanistan based on what ethnic group they belong to . If Hassan and Amir were raised as brothers, Amir would have seen Hassan as an equal, rather than looking down upon him. Therefore, it can be concluded that racial discrimination is harmful to the people and society because it teaches people to make judgments about others in terms of group-based expectations or standards. As a Muslim, I think The Kite Runner accurately describes the divide among the religion of Islam.

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